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Big-O notation is a simple way to think about how a program behaves as the amount of data grows. While modern computers are fast and memory is abundant, software engineering is rarely about what is st

Authentication and authorization are closely related—but they solve two very different problems. Authentication is about identity. It answers the question: “Who are you?”

Data is everywhere. On its own, it’s just a piece of information — vague and unhelpful until it’s organized. Data structures are the tools that help computers store, manage, and present data in a mean

An algorithm is simply a set of instructions you give a computer. Like telling a child: “If the light is red, stop. If it’s green, go.” For a long time, most algorithms worked this way.

Before Meta acquired WhatsApp, its core was built on Erlang/OTP — a language designed for massive concurrency and fault tolerance. Perfect for a global messaging platform. Fun facts: ✔ WhatsApp doesn’

Following my previous posts on algorithms and data structures, let’s look at search and sort — two fundamental tools in programming. Searching finds a specific item: Linear search: checks one by one (

Think of a server as a regular computer sitting somewhere far away. It runs programs, stores files, and stays connected to the internet so other computers can talk to it. When engineers say “the serve

We treat years of experience like it’s the ultimate proof of competence. Even junior roles demand 3+ years, as if time alone makes someone skilled. But does it really? 🤔 When I was younger, my aunt h

Real-time apps—chat, trading, gaming, live analytics—need more than fast servers. They need a constant, instant connection. That’s what WebSockets provide. 📞 The Simple Breakdown HTTP is a letter.

But here’s the truth: Backend is just a computer somewhere in a room running some code. That’s all.